In the fascinating world of physics, springs play a crucial role in various mechanical systems. Understanding the science behind springs and their workings can unravel the secrets of their exceptional properties.
Springs are a mechanical device used to store and release energy. The energy that springs absorb is stored and released when the spring returns to its original shape. Springs can be made from a variety of materials such as chrome silicon steel, nickel alloys or titanium and more. There are many different types of springs such as
Springs play an important role in the majority of industries, including automotive, construction, power generation and agriculture - to name a few. They are everywhere! Their ability to absorb, store and release energy is an unparalleled piece of engineering history.
The physics of springs is also referred to as ‘Hooke’s Law’ named after an English scientist named Robert Hooke from the 17th century. This theory was introduced after Hooke made significant contributions to the field of physics and his work on elasticity of materials.
Hooke's Law is a theory of physics that describes the relationship between force applied to an elastic object just like a spring. Deformulating Hooke’s Law in to words, it describes force exerted on the object is directly proportional to the amount of deformation.
Mathematically Hooke’s Law suggests as F = -kx, where F is the force, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement assuming linear behaviour within the elastic limit, meaning the relationship between force and displacement is linear.
Hooke's Law provides a basis for understanding and predicting the behaviour of springs and other elastic materials, aiding in the design and analysis of various systems and structures.
Whilst Hooke’s Law is great for approximation for the majority of elastic materials and situations, there are limitations.
Although there are exceptions to Hooke’s Law it still is a useful piece of theory which is still applied to design and engineering today. There are situations as to where more complex material behaviour, more advanced models and theories can be applied such as non-linear elasticity or viscoelasticity for more accurate results depending on your use of material.
The relationship between the major factors in spring engineering are governed by Hooke’s Law which states a force being exerted on a spring is directly proportional to the spring constant and mathematically is expressed as:
F = -kx
Understanding the principles to Hooke’s Law helps engineers advance springs in various applications and ensure they’re appropriately designed and utilised.
Spring performance can be affected by various factors and understanding those behaviours is crucial to designing the best springs. Key factors can impact the spring stiffness, load capacity and resilience which all play major roles in spring performance and can be vital to your industry.
Choosing the right material will impact the performance with different spring materials varying the levels of stiffness, strength and elasticity.
There are common spring materials used such as:
As an example, a material with a higher tensile strength will increase the load capacity of the spring.
The diameter of wire used to make a spring will affect both stiffness and load-bearing capacity. Thicker wire usually produces a stiffer spring and can withstand heavier loads and can also increase the springs resilience to fatigue although thicker wires can reduce the number of coils accommodated which affects energy stored.
Coil pitch is the distance from each coil in the spring and influences the spring flexibility and compression characteristics.
Springs are found in our everyday life, they’re actually one of the most used energy sources in the world. Springs have unique properties and capabilities which no other component can reproduce.
You’ll find springs used in everyday life applications such as:
You may not have realised that springs are so involved in our day to day lives. The versatility and reliability of a spring makes them a pivotal factor for engineering.
Springs are used in many applications which all require differing needs. Custom designing springs to specific requirements delivers multiple efficiencies across energy, cost, performance and sustainable practices.
Meticulous manufacturing processes consider load requirements, space limitations and design characteristics and are an essential first stage review before manufacture.
Coiling is a process that involves winding a wire around a mandrel or using forming tools to give it the desired shape and configuration. This process can be performed manually using hand tools or with machinery. Our teams of engineering experts synergise hand crafting springs and the use of the most advanced hot and cold coiling CNC spring machines in the industry, offering a unique combination of years of hands-on experience and state-of-the-art technology to deliver quality springs.
Heat treatment improves the mechanical properties and performance of the spring. Different spring types and materials will require their own tailored heat processing parameters to obtain the desired properties.
Surface treatment is applied to the surface of springs to modify their properties, enhance performance, and improve their resistance to wear, corrosion, and other environmental factors. This is a vital step in the spring creation as it solidifies the longevity and reliability of a spring.
Regular inspections looking for deformations, wear or damage extends the lifespan of a spring. Proper maintenance of a spring will result in less maintenance issues and operational efficiencies.
Springs can suffer from corrosion, loss of tension or set misalignment and spring fatigue if not maintained.
By addressing these common spring problems and by taking preventive measures with maintenance e.g lubrication, load management, and regular inspections you’re able to avoid potential problems occurring and performance issues.
As a division of the Lesjofors Group, the world leading spring organisation, we are at the forefront of spring material and technology advancements. With R&D departments, material scientists and teams dedicated to delivering quality spring solutions across a wide wire range, we are leading the way in future trends and innovations.
We are world-leading heavy duty spring manufacturers, delivering the greatest expertise in compression, torsion and tension spring manufacturing.
Delivering impact to every industry, we guarantee spring solutions that will optimise your performance and success.
